Adobe produce many other products used for processing all kinds of computer graphics. They have very successfully covered all aspects of the digital imaging market, and have expanded into other areas too, such as video and audio production. A summary of some Adobe products is shown below: Photoshop - Flagship product for professional digital imaging. Photoshop Elements - Consumer version for desktop digital imaging. Photoshop Album - Photo organiser, with search, share and fix capabilities. ImageReady - Photoshop companion for web graphic production. Illustrator - Vector graphics package. Premiere Pro - Flagship product for professional video production. Premiere Elements - Consumer version for desktop video publishing. After Effects - Motion graphics and visual effects package. Audition - Professional digital audio package. There are loads more products that I haven't mentioned at all, but it is probably worth mentioning that Adobe do some interesting bundles too. One of their later offerings, Creative Suite, is described by them like this: "Adobe Creative Suite 4 software is a unified design environment that combines full new versions of Adobe Photoshop CS4, Illustrator CS4, InDesign CS4 and Acrobat 7.0 Professional software with new Version Cue CS4, Adobe Bridge, and Adobe Stock Photos." |
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Computer software includes all computer programs regardless
of their architecture; for example, executable files, libraries and scripts are computer software. Yet, it shares
their mutual properties: software consists of clearly-defined instructions that
upon execution, instructs hardware to perform the tasks for which it is
designed. Software is stored in computer memory and
cannot be touched, just as a 3D model shown in an illustration cannot be
touched.[1]
At the lowest level, executable code consists of machine
language instructions specific to an individual processor –
typically a central processing unit (CPU). A machine language consists
of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions that change the
state of the computer from its preceding state. For example, an instruction may
change the value stored in a particular storage location inside the computer –
an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An instruction may also
(indirectly) cause something to appear on a display of the computer system – a
state change which should be visible to the user. The processor carries out the
instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed to
"jump" to a different instruction, or interrupted.
Software is usually written in high-level programming
languages that are
easier and more efficient for humans to use (closer to natural language) than machine language.[2] High-level languages are compiled or
interpreted into machine language object code. Software may also be written in
a low-level assembly language, essentially, a vaguely mnemonic representation of a machine language
using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language is converted into object
code via an assembler.
Based on the goal, computer software can be
divided into:
·
Application software uses the computer system to perform useful
work or provide entertainment functions beyond the basic operation of the
computer itself.
·
System software is designed to operate the computer
hardware, to provide basic functionality, and to provide a platform
for running application software.[3] System
software includes:
·
Operating system,
an essential collection of computer programs that manages resources and
provides common services for other software.Supervisory programs, boot loaders, shells and window systems are
core parts of operating systems. In practice, an operating system comes bundled
with additional software (including application software) so that a user can
potentially do some work with a computer that only has an operating system.
·
Device driver,
a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that
is attached to a computer. Each device needs at least one corresponding device
driver; thus a computer needs more than one device driver.
·
Utilities,
software designed to assist users in maintenance and care of their computers.
·
Malicious software or malware,
computer software developed to harm and disrupt computers. As such, malware is
undesirable. Malware is closely associated with computer-related crimes, though
some malicious programs may have been designed as practical jokes.
Software Topics Architecture
·
Platform software: Platform includes
the firmware, device drivers,
an operating system,
and typically a graphical user interface which, in total, allow a user to
interact with the computer and itsperipherals (associated equipment). Platform
software often comes bundled with the computer. On a PC one will usually have the ability to
change the platform software.
·
Application software: Application software or Applications are what most people
think of when they think of software. Typical examples include office suites
and video games. Application software is often purchased separately from
computer hardware. Sometimes applications are bundled with the computer, but
that does not change the fact that they run as independent applications.
Applications are usually independent programs from the operating system, though
they are often tailored for specific platforms. Most users think of compilers,
databases, and other "system software" as applications.
·
User-written software: End-user development tailors systems to meet users'
specific needs. User software include spreadsheet templates and word processor templates. Even email filters are a
kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook
how important it is. Depending on how competently the user-written software has
been integrated into default application packages, many users may not be aware
of the distinction between the original packages, and what has been added by
co-workers.
Design and Implimentation
·
Software is usually
designed and created (coded/written/programmed) in integrated development
environments (IDE)
like Eclipse, Emacs and Microsoft Visual Studio that can simplify the process and compile the program. As noted in different
section, software is usually created on top of existing software and the application programming
interface (API) that
the underlying software provides like GTK+,
JavaBeans or Swing. Libraries (APIs) are categorized for different
purposes. For instance, JavaBeans library is used for designing enterprise applications, Windows Forms library
is used for designing graphical user interface (GUI) applications like Microsoft Word, and Windows Communication
Foundation is used for
designing web services. Underlying computer programming concepts like quicksort, hash table, array, and binary tree can
be useful to creating software. When a program is designed, it relies on the
API. For instance, if a user is designing a Microsoft Windows desktop
application, he/she might use the .NET Windows
Forms library to design the desktop application and call its APIs like Form1.Close() and Form1.Show()[6] to close or open the application and
write the additional operations him/herself that it need to have. Without these
APIs, the programmer needs to write these APIs him/herself. Companies like Sun Microsystems, Novell,
and Microsoft provide their own APIs so that many
applications are written using their software libraries that
usually have numerous APIs in them.
·
Computer software has
special economic characteristics that make its design, creation, and
distribution different from most other economic goods.[specify][7][8]
·
A person who creates
software is called a programmer, software engineer or software developer,
terms that all have a similar meaning.
Non-profit software organizations include the Free Software Foundation, GNU Project and Mozilla Foundation. Software standard
organizations like the W3C, IETF develop software standards so that
most software can interoperate through standards such as XML, HTML, HTTP or FTP.
Other well-known large software companies include Novell, SAP, Symantec, Adobe Systems,
and Corel, while small
companies often provide innovation.
Integrated Library System[
·
Evergreen
·
Koha
·
NewGenLib
·
OpenBiblio
·
PMB
·
refbase — Web-based institutional repository
and reference management software
Image editor[edit]
·
GIMP — GNU Image Manipulation Program
·
Inkscape - An Open Source vector graphics
editor.
Mathematics[edit]
For
a more comprehensive list, see List of open-source software for
mathematics.
Reference management software
·
See Comparison of reference management
software.
Science[
Bioinformatics
·
See List of open source bioinformatics
software.
Cheminformatics
·
Chemistry Development Kit
·
JOELib
·
OpenBabel
Geographic
Information Systems
Grid Computing
·
P-GRADE Portal —
Grid portal software enabling the creation, execution and monitoring of
workflows through high-level Web interfaces
Microscope image processing
·
CellProfiler
·
Endrov
·
FIJI (software)
·
ImageJ
Molecular dynamics
·
Ascalaph Designer
·
GROMACS
·
LAMMPS
·
MDynaMix
·
NAMD
Above data is collected and shared from various sources
available on websites and in general article sections like newspaper, magazines
etc .data might not be 100% correct. Request all the users to re verify if
again. Web world group India
Data taken on dated
28/03/2014
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